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Edac Study Guides
View Notes - Living Office Overview.pdf from DEA 3530 at Cornell University. Living Office Discovery Gretta Peterson, IIDA, EDAC, LEED AP September 15, 2014 1 Agenda: ERAS OF CHANGE NEW LANDSCAPE OF Find Study Resources. To the Editor: Wheezing is a high-pitched breath sound believed to be generated. (EDAC), which is deļ¬ned as protrusion of the posterior membrane of. Majid and colleagues performed a small study of 10 patients, which demonstrated good interobserver reliability in estimating the degree of airway collapse with bronchoscopy (5).
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List four major stakeholders in a healthcare facility and the purpose that facility serves for each of them. | Patients and families - healing environment Staff - work environment Providers of healthcare - business environment Community and organization - cultural environment |
EBD is the process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes. | |
List the seven major trends facing healthcare today. | 1. Public focus on quality and safety 2. Reimbursement challenges 3. Aging population and caregiver shortages 4. Health information technology 5. Genomics and technology 6. Emergency room saturation and disaster preparedness 7. Sustainable healthcare |
EBD can positively influence the current trends and challenges healthcare faces by... | - reducing medical errors and therefore cost of care - improving satisfaction and efficiency of caregivers thus helping employee recruitment and retention - designing a physical environment supportive of new IT and work processes - providing innovative, adaptable designs maximizing disaster response |
HAI is a ______(a)_______ and is now more generically referred to as ______(b)______. | a. Hospital-Acquired Infection b. Healthcare-Associated Infection |
...an infection that a patient acquires during the course of receiving treatment for another condition within a healthcare setting. | |
List the two major factors that increased healthcare costs in the US ares associated with. | 1. Increased life expectancy 2. Cost of new medical technology |
1. Define evidence-based goals and objectives 2. Find sources for relevant evidence 3. Critically interpret relevant evidence 4. Create and innovate evidence-based design concepts 5. Develop a hypothesis 6. Collect baseline performance measures 7. Monitor implementation of design and construction 8. Measure post-occupancy performance results | |
Ch1Q1: Evidence-based design is the process of basing decisions about _______ on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes. a. patient outcomes b. the built environment c. nursing staff-to-patient ratios | |
Ch1Q2: Which of the following clinical and safety outcomes are not typically affected by the design of the physical health environment? a. medical errors b. adverse reactions to drugs c. hospital-acquired infections | |
Ch1Q3: True or False: Employee turnover rates may be influenced by the physical design of a healthcare facility? | |
Ch1Q4: The goal of the business case for EBD is to determine how healthcare facility investments contribute to improvements in patient-care quality and the safety and satisfaction of both patients and staff while positively enhancing ____________. a. the bottom line b. the physical design c. workforce efficiency | |
Ch1Q5: Central to making the business case for physical design innovations is the need to balance ____________ against ongoing operating savings and revenue enhancements. a. patient outcomes b. one-time construction costs c. longer design and construction timelines | |
Ch1Q6: Staff outcomes that may not be influenced by the design of the physical healthcare environment are: a. turnover b. efficiency c. personality | |
List the three types of settings in which healthcare is provided. | 1. inpatient hospitals 2. primary and outpatient care facilities 3. long-term care facilities |
Inpatient hospitals can be classified by which categories? | - ownership - length of stay - type of service - public access - location - size |
Inpatient hospitals classified by ownership include the following varieties... | - Public hospitals (government-owned) - Federal hospitals (for federal beneficiary groups) - Voluntary not-for-profit hospitals (privately-owned, tax exempt) - Proprietary hospitals (investor-owned) |
Inpatient hospitals classified by length of stay include the following varieties... | - Short-stay hospitals (stay < 30 days, treatment of acute conditions) - Long-term-care hospitals (stay > 30 days, treatment of chronic conditions and extended medical/rehab care) |
Inpatient hospitals classified by type of service include the following varieties... | - General acute-care hospitals (diagnostic, treatment and surgical services for a variety of medical conditions) - Specialty hospitals (admitting only certain types/ages of patients or those with specified illnesses/conditions) |
Inpatient hospitals classified by public access include the following varieties... | - Community hospitals (serve the general community) - Non-community hospitals (including federally-owned hospitals ex. VA, prison, college hospitals) |
Inpatient hospitals classified by location include the following varieties... | - Urban hospitals (located in area with pop. of at least 50,000) - Rural hospitals (located in an area with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants) |
Inpatient hospitals classified by size include the following varieties... | - Small (fewer than 100 beds) - Medium (100-500 beds) - Large (more than 500 beds) |
...hospitals with approved physician residency programs. | |
...rural, limited-service hospital (35 miles from any other hospital, provides 24/7 emergency care services, no more than 15 acute-care patient beds) | |
List one pro and con to 'doctor-ownerd specialty hospital'. | pro - new healthcare model with high-quality care con - undercuts community hospitals by only performing most lucrative procedures/services |
...owned, leased, sponsored, contract managed by a central organization | |
...group of hospitals, providers, physicians, insurers and/or community agencies that work together to provide a broad compliment of services to their constituents | |
...patient's first contact with the healthcare system. A patient's Primary Care Physician serves as the gatekeeper to the many components of the healthcare system. | |
Hospital-based outpatient services include 5 main types: | clinical, surgical, emergency, home healthcare, women's health |
walk-in clinics, urgent-care centers, emerge-centers, surgicenters, mobile services (screening, diagnostic, etc.), EMTs | |
True or false: Long-term care centers focus on curing the patient. | |
Key stakeholders in an EBD project include but are not limited to: | Board of trustees and leadership, researchers and designers, vendors/suppliers, patients, caregivers/family/visitors, staff, community partners, community organizations, donors |
Of the key stakeholders, who has the ability to cut across departments and specialties, maintain a focus on the organization's values, and make complex decisions thus shaping the culture and process of the EBD efforts? | |
List the six components that define EOC (Environment of Care). | 1. concepts 2. people 3. systems 4. layout/operations 5. physical environment 6. implementation |
List various ways the components of the EOC can manifest themselves to build the culture of an organization. | Stated and unstated values, shared assumptions of its members, policies and procedures, official and informal organizational structures, observed symbols and artifacts, etc. |
Culture in an organization may be difficult to change because... | ...it is so deeply rooted in the organization and the current EOC that all involved parties are familiar with. |
Ch2Q1: Facilities that give patients a wide range of healthcare choices and attempt to meet consumer needs of convenience and cost reduction are collectively know as ___________. a. walk-in clinics b. surgicenters c. freestanding facilities | |
Ch2Q2: _______ Refers to any personal care or assistance that a patient receives on an ongoing basis because of a disability or chronic illness that limits his or her ability to function. a. long-term care b. institutional care c. home healthcare | |
Ch2Q3: Hospital-based outpatient services can be broadly classified into five main types; clinical, surgical, emergency, home health, and _______ health. a. psychiatric b. women's c. pediatric | |
Ch2Q4 Outpatient services are also referred to as _________ care. a. ambulatory b. walk-in c. non-institutional | |
Ch2Q5: Preliminary studies by the Weill Cornell Medical College's Physician Organization in six existing ambulatory sites found that the more attractive the environment, the _______ the perceived quality and the ____________ the anxiety. a. higher, higher b. lower, lower c. higher, lower | |
Ch2Q6: Hospital boards are ultimately accountable for organizational activity, accomplishment and ___________. a. staff satisfaction b. patient outcomes c. major capital investments | |
Ch2Q7: The _________ of a hospital is accountable for all of the services and behaviors of the organization. a. chairperson of the board b. board as a whole c. CEO | |
Ch2Q8: The _______ recommends expenditures to further enable the healthcare facility to meet community needs and/or shareholder value. The ___________ approves or disapproves the recommendation. a. board, CEO b. CEO, board c. CEO, government | |
Ch2Q9: ___________ strategies applied to facility design call for involving staff members in the design of effective and efficient facilities based on their day-to-day experience of what does and does not work. a. total quality management b. universal designs c. participative management | |
Ch2Q10: A facility's Environment of Care defines its _________. a. physical design b. culture c. outcomes | |
Data that refers to the information that can be directly sensed (seen, heard, touched, tasted, and smelled) and is demonstrable to other people is ________ data. | |
________ data can be considered empirical when they are gathered through interviews, questionnaire surveys, rating scales and other measurement tools. | |
Four key areas of the EOC consistently are affected by EBD design characteristics. They are... | 1. reduction in staff stress and fatigue 2. improvement in patient safety 3. reduction in patient stress 4. improvement in overall healthcare quality |
1. patient safety (infections, medical errors and falls) 2. patient outcomes (pain, sleep, stress, depression, length of stay, privacy, support, satisfaction, etc.) 3. staff outcomes (injuries, stress, effectiveness, satisfaction) | |
Ch3Q1: True or false: Subjective data are never considered empirical because it represents people's opinions rather than actual fact. | |
Ch3Q2: Select the best answer: EBD is differentiated from traditional design in _____. a. its involvement of staff in design decisions b. its emphasis on using research to support design decision making and evaluation of design innovations c. the composition of the interdisciplinary design | b. its emphasis on using research to support design decision making and evaluation of the interdisciplinary design |
Ch3Q3: Ideally, EBD research can be used during and after the construction and occupancy phases to _______. a. develop hypotheses about how the design decisions may impact outcomes b. evaluate the effectiveness of design solutions c. alter parts of the design as it becomes clear whether or not decisions were appropriate | b. evaluate the effectiveness of design solutions |
Ch3Q4: Ideally, stakeholders should use research to understand which environmental elements are the best design options to improve outcomes in the _____ phase of the project. a. predesign/design b. construction c. occupancy | |
Ch3Q5: Specific information about the built environment recorded over time and relative to patient and staff exposure during their time within that setting is needed to assert ________ relationships between features of the built environment and outcomes. a. theoretical b. correlational c. causal | |
1. Define evidence-based goals and objectives 2. Find sources for relevant evidence 3. Critically interpret relevant evidence 4. Create and innovate evidence-based design concepts 5. Develop a hypothesis 6. Collect baseline performance measures 7. Monitor implementation of design and construction 8. Measure post-occupancy performance results | |
What are the six questions to ask regarding the cost, investment in and ROI of an EBD project? | 1. Is the project urgent in order to fulfill the organization's mission? 2. Is the proposed plan appropriate compared to other alternatives? 3. Is the cost appropriate compared to other similar projects in the region? 4. Has the financial impact of increased volume, expense and revenue assumptions been analyzed? 5. Have the proper sources of funds been analyzed and is it enough to handle the growth? 6. Will EBD features be incorporated and employed in the proposed project? |
Ch4Q1: The EBD process can be incorporated into ____ stage of the building design process. a. predesign/design b. construction c. any | |
Ch4Q2: The phase when the building is outfitted with everything needed to make it ready for patient-care services is called the ________. a. programming phase b. commissioning phase c. occupancy phase |