Karachi, August 11.
Mr. Jinnah, president of the Moslem League and Governor-General designate of Pakistan, was to-day elected president of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly.
Jinnah’s Vision of Pakistan 43 yet when Dina decided to marry a Parsee youth, Neville Wadia, Muhammad Ali Jinnah severed his relations with her forever. The is official website about Founder of Nation, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah owned by Government of Pakistan, to promote the study and understanding of the personality and work of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, his associates, the Pakistan Movement and of the various aspects of Pakistan. Jinnah’s Vision of Pakistan 43 yet when Dina decided to marry a Parsee youth, Neville Wadia, Muhammad Ali Jinnah severed his relations with her forever. Microsoft exchange tutorial pdf Is a good example to portray this application. Pakistans founder Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah expressed. Mohammad ali jinnah was given the title of quaid-i-azam in. Jinnah is also honoured as a great leader in.Khan to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born December 25, 1876, in Karachi, Pakistan. In 1906 he joined the Indian National Congress. Seven years later, he joined the India. Jan 9, 2019- Free Download Urdu books read online Quaid E Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah books. Quaid E Azam Jinnah Bar E Saghir Ka Mard E Hurriyat By Sharif Farooq Complete in pdf Free Download Urdu books read online Quaid E Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah books. Sep 15, 2015 Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Pdf. September 15, 2015 By Shahid Irfan 2 Comments. Sardar Muhammad Chaudry is the author of Quaid e Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Beesvin Sadi Ka Sab Se Barra Insan. He wrote this book with the name Muhammad Ali Jinnah the great Man of 20th Century.
His election is yet another indication of his unchallenged supremacy in Moslem politics and was referred to by his proposer, Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan, who said that the creation of the State of Pakistan was mainly, if not entirely, due to him. In his unemotional opening speech Mr. Jinnah declared that two functions of the Assembly were to frame a constitution and to act as a temporary federal legislature. “Not only we ourselves but the whole world is wondering how this unprecedented cyclonic revolution which has established two new Dominions in the sub-Continent of India has been carried through peacefully and without violence,” he said.
Appealing for tolerance and unity, Mr. Jinnah said that the biggest hindrances to India’s advance had been religious and racial divisions. But for these India would have been free long ago.
People living in Pakistan, he said, would have complete religious freedom but they must remember “first, second, and last, that they are citizens of this State with equal rights and equal obligations.”
Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan proposed the adoption of the Pakistan flag - a dark green flag with a white vertical bar at the mast, the green portion bearing a white crescent in the centre and a five-pointed white heraldic star. Representatives of the Hindu minorities asked that more time be devoted to choosing of the flag and that the minorities be more closely associated with it. They were overruled, however, and the proposal was carried. Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan said the white portion of the flag, one quarter of the total area, symbolised Pakistan’s minorities, who were roughly one quarter of the total population.
The somewhat aggressive behaviour of the Hindus suggested that they are going to be by no means docile members of the Assembly. One of them wanted to speak in Hindustani, but was politely told by Mr. Jinnah that the language of the Assembly was English, unless a member could not express himself in English, when the vernacular was permitted.
| |
|---|---|
Parties Tributes |
The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah as a constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in a self-governing India. In 1928, an All Parties Conference was convened to solve the constitutional problems of India. A committee was set up under Moti Lal Nehru. That committee prepared a report which is known as 'Nehru Report'. This report demanded 'Dominion Status' for India. Separate electorates were refused and the reservation of seats for the Muslims of Bengal and Punjab was rejected. In this report, not a single demand of the Muslims was upheld.Since Nehru Report was the last word from Hindus therefore Mr. Jinnah was authorized to draft in concise term the basis of any future constitution that was to be devised for India Jinnah's aim was to get rights for Muslims. He therefore gave his 14 points. These points covered all of the interests of the Muslims at a heated time and in this Jinnah stated that it was the 'parting of ways' and that he did not want and would not have anything to do with the Indian National Congress in the future. The League leaders motivated Jinnah to revive the Muslim League and give it direction. As a result, these points became the demands of the Muslims and greatly influenced the Muslims' thinking for the next two decades till the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.
Background[edit]
The report was given in a meeting of the council of the All India Muslim League on 9 March 1929. The Nehru Report was criticised by Muslim leaders Aga Khan and Muhammad Shafi. They considered it as a death warrant because it recommended joint electoral rolls for Hindus and Muslims.[1]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah left for England in May 1928 and returned after six months. In March 1929, the Muslim League session was held at Delhi under the presidency of Jinnah. In his address to his delegates, he consolidated Muslim viewpoints under fourteen items and these fourteen points became Jinnah's 14 points.[1][2]
The Fourteen Points[edit]
- The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers vested in the provinces;
- A uniform measure of autonomy shall be guaranteed to all provinces;
- All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality;
- In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third;
- Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by means of separate electorate as at present: provided it shall be open to any community, at any time to abandon its separate electorate in favour of a joint electorate.
- Any territorial distribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority.
- Full religious liberty, i.e. liberty of belief, worship and observance, propaganda, association and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.
- No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose it as being injurious to the interests of that community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible and practicable to deal with such cases.
- Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
- Reforms should be introduced in the North West Frontier Province and Balochistan on the same footing as in the other provinces.
- Provision should be made in the constitution giving Muslims an adequate share, along with the other Indians, in all the services of the state and in local self-governing bodies having due regard to the requirements of efficiency.
- The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local self-governing bodies.
- No cabinet, either central or provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers.
- No change shall be made in the constitution by the Central Legislature except with the concurrence of the States constituting of the Indian Federation.
Reactions[edit]
Among the Hindus, Jinnah's points were highly disregarded and were rejected by the Congress Party. Jawaharlal Nehru referred to them as 'Jinnah's ridiculous 14 points'. This eventually led Jinnah to form Pakistan.[3]
Aftermath[edit]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Parents
After the fourteen points were publicised, Jinnah was invited to attend the round table conferences, where he forwarded the Muslim point of view.[2][4]
Interview Of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
References[edit]
- ^ ab'History of India(from National Movement To Present Day) – N. Jayapalan – Google Books'. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^ ab'Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin – Akbar S. Ahmed – Google Books'. Books.google.co.uk. 28 December 1928. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^'Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers (vol. 13 : The Political Thought of M.A. Jinnah) – Jai Narain Sharma – Google Books'. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^'Indian History – Google Books'. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 19 February 2013.